![]() ![]() * UGA is normally a stop codon, but encodes selenocysteine if a SECIS element is present. Gene expression and biochemistry Amino Acid Protein pKa calculations are sometimes used to calculate the change in the pKa value of an amino acid in this situation. Note: The pKa values of amino acids are typically slightly different when the amino acid is inside a protein. IUPAC/IUBMB now also recommends that Sec or U refers to selenocysteine, and Pyl or O refers to pyrrolysine. The three-letter symbol Asx or one-letter symbol B means the amino acid is either asparagine or aspartic acid Glx or Z means either glutamic acid or glutamine and Xle or J means either leucine or isoleucine. The one-letter symbol for an undetermined amino acid is X. Note that forming a peptide bond results in elimination of a molecule of water, so the mass of an amino acid unit within a protein chain is reduced by 18.01524 Da. The masses listed are based on weighted averages of the elemental isotopes at their natural abundances. Structures and symbols of the 20 amino acids which are directly encoded for protein synthesis by the standard genetic code.įollowing is a table listing the one-letter symbols, the three-letter symbols, and the chemical properties of the side chains of the standard amino acids. ![]()
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